Refresh problems on your setup look like a hardware fault but rarely are; the rate lives in display settings, the cable spec, and the GPU driver more than in any single part.
Quick Answer
Open Display settings, then Advanced display, and pick the panel's top rate from the refresh-rate menu. If only 60Hz appears, swap to a DisplayPort 1.4 or HDMI 2.1 cable, enable the high-rate mode in the monitor's own menu, and set the refresh again. A 144Hz panel that trains down usually has a cable or a stale GPU driver behind it. File this away, because it comes up more often than you would think.
Confirm the source can feed the rate
Some devices cap output. A handheld docked over USB-C, for example, may only push 60Hz unless DisplayPort Alt Mode and a capable dock are in play. Check the device's display output spec, then match the dock, cable, and panel so the whole chain supports the same rate end to end. For your setup, write the result down so you never repeat a passed test.
Reinstall the GPU driver cleanly
A driver that updated badly can drop the mode list to 60Hz only. Remove the current driver with DDU in safe mode, then install the latest stable build for your card. After the reinstall, set the refresh in both Windows and the GPU control panel so the two agree, then reboot and confirm the rate held. For your setup, the right call now saves a return and a wasted weekend.
Use a cable rated for the refresh you want
Bandwidth is the silent killer of high refresh. A 1440p 165Hz panel needs DisplayPort 1.4 or HDMI 2.1; an older HDMI lead trains down to 60Hz to stay stable. A proper cable runs roughly R450 to R1,200, far cheaper than the GPU or monitor people replace by mistake. Plug into the dedicated GPU ports, never the motherboard, when a card is installed. Most your setup questions in SA come down to exactly this point.
FAQ
Should I set the rate in Windows or the GPU control panel?
Set it in both so they agree. Windows Advanced display settings is the master, but the GPU control panel can override per-game, so a mismatch causes flicker or a drop back to 60Hz. Match them, then reboot to confirm. On your setup, a calm second test beats a panicked parts order every time.
Will a higher refresh rate hurt performance?
A higher refresh rate only shows frames the GPU already produces, so it does not reduce performance; it just removes the artificial 60fps ceiling. If frame rate is the limit, lower a few settings rather than the panel's refresh. For your setup, that ordering is what saves you from chasing the wrong fault.
Why is my refresh rate option greyed out?
A greyed-out rate almost always means the cable cannot carry it or the panel's high-rate mode is off. Swap to a DisplayPort 1.4 or HDMI 2.1 lead, enable the OC mode in the monitor menu, then reopen Advanced display settings and the higher rates should appear. For an SA your setup setup, that is the cheapest, fastest move available.
Pro Tip
After the rate sticks, run a UFO refresh test to confirm the panel is truly drawing 144Hz, 165Hz, or 240Hz and not just reporting it.